東營固井工具廠家　　瓜(gua)爾膠(jiao)，英文名為(wei)“guargum”，是(shi)從廣(guang)泛種植(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)印巴次大陸的(de)(de)一種豆科植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)——瓜(gua)爾豆中提取的(de)(de)一種高(gao)純化(hua)天(tian)然(ran)多糖由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其獨(du)特的(de)(de)分子結構特點(dian)及天(tian)然(ran)性(xing)，使其迅速成(cheng)為(wei)性(xing)能優(you)越的(de)(de)新型環保造(zao)紙(zhi)助劑(ji)，同(tong)時它還(huan)被廣(guang)泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)、石油、醫藥等(deng)(deng)(deng)領域。　　瓜(gua)爾膠(jiao)為(wei)大分子天(tian)然(ran)親水(shui)膠(jiao)體，主要(yao)由(you)(you)半(ban)乳(ru)糖和甘露(lu)糖聚合為(wei)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)而成(cheng)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)然(ran)半(ban)乳(ru)甘露(lu)聚糖，品(pin)(pin)質改良劑(ji)之一，一種天(tian)然(ran)的(de)(de)增稠劑(ji)。外觀是(shi)從白色到微黃(huang)色的(de)(de)自由(you)(you)流動粉(fen)末，能溶(rong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)冷水(shui)或熱水(shui)，遇(yu)水(shui)后(hou)及形(xing)成(cheng)膠(jiao)狀物(wu)(wu)質，達到迅速增稠的(de)(de)功效。主要(yao)分為(wei)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)級和工業(ye)級（油田使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)工業(ye)級）兩種。一般出(chu)口包(bao)裝是(shi)25KG/袋，外層(ceng)牛皮紙(zhi)，內層(ceng)PE薄膜袋。廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)石油壓(ya)裂、鉆井等(deng)(deng)(deng)增稠目的(de)(de)，以及食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)添加劑(ji)，印染和建筑(zhu)涂料等(deng)(deng)(deng)行(xing)業(ye)。瓜(gua)爾膠(jiao)是(shi)已(yi)知(zhi)的(de)(de)最(zui)有效和水(shui)溶(rong)性(xing)的(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)聚合物(wu)(wu)。在低濃度下(xia)，可(ke)形(xing)成(cheng)高(gao)粘稠溶(rong)液，表現出(chu)非牛頓流變特性(xing)，與硼砂形(xing)成(cheng)酸可(ke)逆凝(ning)膠(jiao)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)它的(de)(de)獨(du)特性(xing)能，目前(qian)已(yi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)、制藥、化(hua)妝品(pin)(pin)、個人保健、石油、粘蚊劑(ji)、造(zao)紙(zhi)和紡織印染等(deng)(deng)(deng)行(xing)業(ye)。。

font管道支架主要由(you)(you)石油的裂化殘渣(zha)油和直餾殘渣(zha)油制(zhi)成的其特點是(shi)黑(hei)褐色粘稠狀(zhuang)可燃(ran)液體，粘度(du)適(shi)中，燃(ran)料(liao)性(xing)能好(hao)，發(fa)熱量(liang)大(da)，含非(fei)烴化合物、膠質(zhi)、瀝青質(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)。廣泛用于(yu)船舶鍋爐燃(ran)料(liao)、加(jia)熱爐燃(ran)料(liao)、冶金(jin)爐和其他(ta)工業(ye)爐燃(ran)料(liao)。用于(yu)作鍋爐燃(ran)料(liao)，霧化性(xing)良好(hao)，燃(ran)料(liao)完全，腐蝕性(xing)少。燃(ran)料(liao)油按sh0356-1996分為1號、2號、4號輕(qing)、4號、5號輕(qing)、5號重、6號和7號8個(ge)牌號。　　由(you)(you)于(yu)環(huan)保燃(ran)料(liao)油的裝(zhuang)卸(xie)(xie)需要占用專用設施(shi)設備，占用的時間成本較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，環(huan)保燃(ran)料(liao)油在裝(zhuang)卸(xie)(xie)過程(cheng)中的危險性(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，對天(tian)氣、氣溫、泊位(wei)水深等也(ye)有(you)一定的要求，故一般(ban)對裝(zhuang)卸(xie)(xie)時間和速(su)度(du)要求比較(jiao)(jiao)嚴格(ge)。。

負離子粉防腐涂料首要(yao)使用的范疇有：　　①新式海洋工程：海上(shang)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、海岸及海灣構(gou)造物(wu)、海上(shang)石油(you)鉆(zhan)井渠道(dao)(dao)；　　②現代交通運輸：高速公路護欄(lan)、橋梁、船艇、集裝箱(xiang)、火車(che)及鐵道(dao)(dao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、轎車(che)、機場(chang)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)；　　③能源工業：水工設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、水罐(guan)、氣罐(guan)、石油(you)精制設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、石油(you)儲(chu)存設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)（油(you)管、油(you)罐(guan)）、輸變電設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、核電、煤礦(kuang)；　　④大型工業企業：造紙設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、醫藥(yao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、食物(wu)化(hua)(hua)工設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、金屬容器(qi)內外壁、化(hua)(hua)工、鋼鐵、石化(hua)(hua)廠的管道(dao)(dao)、貯槽、礦(kuang)山(shan)鍛煉、水泥廠設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、有腐蝕介質的地(di)面、墻面、水泥構(gou)件(jian)　　⑤市政(zheng)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)：煤氣管道(dao)(dao)及其(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)（如(ru)煤氣柜）、天然氣管道(dao)(dao)、飲水設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、垃圾處理設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)等(deng)。　　當防腐涂料噴涂后，會在(zai)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的表面構(gou)成(cheng)防腐涂層(ceng)(ceng)，該涂層(ceng)(ceng)有杰(jie)出的附著力、物(wu)理性能和力學性能，可(ke)保護設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，增加(jia)使用壽(shou)命。。

偶聯劑螺桿泵中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已是全球第二大原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，但相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)也較高(gao)(gao)隨著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)量仍將(jiang)繼續攀(pan)升，對(dui)(dui)(dui)外(wai)依存度將(jiang)長(chang)期(qi)保(bao)持在六(liu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)左(zuo)右；未來兩三年(nian)內(nei)(nei)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)可能就將(jiang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)全球的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，而(er)由于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)(dui)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)定價(jia)(jia)(jia)影響力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺失，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)仍將(jiang)很難下降。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)海關(guan)總署發布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)顯(xian)示(shi)，2012年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)量約(yue)為(wei)2.71億噸，同(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)6.8%，對(dui)(dui)(dui)外(wai)依存度約(yue)58%，創下歷史紀錄(lu)。世(shi)界石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)輸出(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)組(zu)織歐佩(pei)克等(deng)諸多機構預測，2013年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)對(dui)(dui)(dui)外(wai)依存度將(jiang)突破60%。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)飆(biao)升感(gan)受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莫過于國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煉油(you)(you)(you)企業中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)人士對(dui)(dui)(dui)本(ben)(ben)報記者(zhe)坦言(yan)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)絕大部(bu)分都(dou)由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)消化(hua)(hua)(hua)，目前公司外(wai)購(gou)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)量占比(bi)已經超過80%，負責(ze)采購(gou)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)門以及整(zheng)個公司，都(dou)在想方設法地(di)降低原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，比(bi)如在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)建設倉儲基(ji)地(di)，組(zu)建自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物流運輸團隊(dui)等(deng)。去(qu)年(nian)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)期(qi)貨均價(jia)(jia)(jia)創下歷史年(nian)水(shui)平，WTI原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)均價(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)94.2美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)/桶，布倫特原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)均價(jia)(jia)(jia)111.7美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)/桶。有媒(mei)體報道稱，去(qu)年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)達到110.31美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)/桶，進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)總成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)高(gao)(gao)達1.38萬億元(yuan)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單項進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)商品。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以及日(ri)本(ben)(ben)、印度等(deng)亞洲地(di)區(qu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)普(pu)遍高(gao)(gao)于歐美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)。至于其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緣由，朱(zhu)春凱表(biao)示(shi)，出(chu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)牢(lao)牢(lao)掌握了定價(jia)(jia)(jia)權，他們認為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)需求量大，只(zhi)能不(bu)斷進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)，所以定價(jia)(jia)(jia)偏(pian)高(gao)(gao)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)企業進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)幾(ji)乎(hu)沒有一點討(tao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)還(huan)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)余地(di)。2012年(nian)獲(huo)得中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齊魯石(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)負責(ze)人總結其國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)采購(gou)秘訣是：ldquo，緊盯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)情(qing)況，采購(gou)性價(jia)(jia)(jia)比(bi)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)；跟總部(bu)相關(guan)部(bu)門及聯合石(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)多加溝通，及時補充稀有油(you)(you)(you)種、機會(hui)油(you)(you)(you)種；根(gen)據(ju)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)情(qing)況，合理調(diao)整(zheng)庫(ku)存，盡可能降低原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)采購(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。

font螺桿泵石油(you)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)管道(dao)是(shi)(shi)生產(chan)安(an)(an)裝作業(ye)的(de)要(yao)點(dian)內(nei)容，其安(an)(an)裝質(zhi)量在(zai)根本上(shang)(shang)決定了(le)生產(chan)的(de)安(an)(an)全性，化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)石油(you)公司需(xu)(xu)要(yao)重點(dian)做好管理(li)，從(cong)專業(ye)角度出發，總結以往經(jing)驗，有(you)針對(dui)性的(de)采(cai)取(qu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，將質(zhi)量監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作落(luo)實(shi)(shi)到每(mei)個細節(jie)，控制好每(mei)個節(jie)點(dian)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)規范(fan)性和有(you)效性，減(jian)少存在(zai)的(de)質(zhi)量隱患１．工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)量監(jian)理(li)（1）進(jin)(jin)場驗收。無論是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過任(ren)何方式(shi)采(cai)購的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，進(jin)(jin)場時均需(xu)(xu)要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)質(zhi)量驗收，由施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)自檢，自檢合格后(hou)向(xiang)監(jian)理(li)提(ti)交材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)場報(bao)驗，報(bao)驗資料(liao)(liao)中包括(kuo)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)清(qing)單(dan)(dan)、自檢清(qing)單(dan)(dan)、材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)量證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)文件等(deng)(deng)，報(bao)監(jian)理(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審核。由專業(ye)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師現場對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)外觀質(zhi)量進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢查，特(te)(te)殊材(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)的(de)管道(dao)還需(xu)(xu)抽(chou)樣進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)無損探傷(shang)檢測(ce)(ce)，確認(ren)合格后(hou)簽字(zi)確認(ren)方可(ke)使(shi)用。（2）現場試(shi)驗。石油(you)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)管道(dao)所有(you)閥(fa)門(men)均需(xu)(xu)要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)試(shi)驗，包括(kuo)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)試(shi)驗、密(mi)封試(shi)驗以及上(shang)(shang)密(mi)封試(shi)驗等(deng)(deng)，完(wan)(wan)成后(hou)根據實(shi)(shi)際(ji)情況完(wan)(wan)成試(shi)驗報(bao)告的(de)填寫，并(bing)(bing)由專業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師、質(zhi)量檢察員(yuan)、試(shi)驗人員(yuan)等(deng)(deng)簽字(zi)報(bao)監(jian)理(li)備(bei)案(an)。另(ling)外，對(dui)于管道(dao)防腐與保溫的(de)油(you)漆和保溫材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，均需(xu)(xu)要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)見證(zheng)(zheng)送樣檢測(ce)(ce)，并(bing)(bing)由檢測(ce)(ce)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)出具檢測(ce)(ce)報(bao)告且蓋章。２．安(an)(an)裝流程(cheng)監(jian)理(li)（1）安(an)(an)裝施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)準備(bei)。石油(you)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)管道(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)應(ying)向(xiang)監(jian)理(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)提(ti)報(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝管道(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)，對(dui)于特(te)(te)殊材(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)，或是(shi)(shi)特(te)(te)殊工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)管道(dao)安(an)(an)裝，按實(shi)(shi)際(ji)情況可(ke)能要(yao)提(ti)報(bao)專門(men)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)審核通(tong)過后(hou)方可(ke)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。所有(you)的(de)焊(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)必須經(jing)過資質(zhi)審查，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前向(xiang)監(jian)理(li)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)提(ti)報(bao)特(te)(te)殊工(gong)(gong)(gong)種報(bao)驗，其中包括(kuo)人員(yuan)清(qing)單(dan)(dan)、焊(han)工(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)件等(deng)(deng)。（2）工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)質(zhi)量確認(ren)。

目(mu)(mu)前(qian)，世界各(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)道路(lu)(lu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)產(chan)(chan)品牌號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分主(zhu)要(yao)有三種(zhong)方(fang)法，即按針(zhen)入(ru)(ru)(ru)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分級(ji)、黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分級(ji)和(he)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)分級(ji)在(zai)針(zhen)入(ru)(ru)(ru)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分級(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)，瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)針(zhen)入(ru)(ru)(ru)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)試驗是測(ce)定(ding)瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稠度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)方(fang)法。25℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)針(zhen)入(ru)(ru)(ru)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)給出了(le)(le)接近年平均(jun)使(shi)用(yong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稠度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。由(you)于(yu)方(fang)法和(he)使(shi)用(yong)儀器相對(dui)(dui)簡單(dan)，所(suo)以針(zhen)入(ru)(ru)(ru)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分級(ji)相對(dui)(dui)普及：美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)、歐(ou)盟、澳大利亞(ya)、日本等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)行(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)仍保留該(gai)(gai)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分級(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)是根據瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)或薄膜(mo)烘箱后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)在(zai)60℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值來確定(ding)瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)環境(jing)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)條(tiao)件。在(zai)該(gai)(gai)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)，60℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)表(biao)征瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)還給出了(le)(le)其(qi)他試驗要(yao)求(qiu)如25℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)針(zhen)入(ru)(ru)(ru)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、135℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)。黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)試驗儀器較簡單(dan)，重(zhong)復性(xing)(xing)好，所(suo)以在(zai)北(bei)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和(he)日本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)中(zhong)(zhong)采用(yong)了(le)(le)該(gai)(gai)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)（PG）分級(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)是美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)聯邦公路(lu)(lu)局歷經(jing)5年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究所(suo)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)戰(zhan)略公路(lu)(lu)計劃中(zhong)(zhong)有關瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)分級(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究成(cheng)果。在(zai)PG分級(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)，用(yong)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)最高設計溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動態剪切模(mo)量(liang)表(biao)征瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，用(yong)最低(di)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)設計下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勁(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)勁(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)隨變(bian)(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)速率表(biao)征瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，用(yong)疲勞溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動態剪切模(mo)量(liang)表(biao)征瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗疲勞性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)用(yong)旋轉薄膜(mo)烘箱試驗和(he)壓力老(lao)化(hua)試驗分別(bie)表(biao)征瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)短期老(lao)化(hua)和(he)長期老(lao)化(hua)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。目(mu)(mu)前(qian)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)行(xing)道路(lu)(lu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)化(hua)工行(xing)業(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)、交通行(xing)業(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)、以及中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)集團公司、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)海洋(yang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)公司等(deng)企業(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)GB/T15180-2010《重(zhong)交通道路(lu)(lu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)》于(yu)2011年5月1日開(kai)始實施，該(gai)(gai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規定(ding)了(le)(le)以石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)為(wei)原料、經(jing)各(ge)種(zhong)工藝生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)于(yu)修筑高等(deng)級(ji)道路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)瀝(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術條(tiao)件。

也可(ke)以用少量漂白劑，效果也不錯。

2.測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)前看粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)計上(shang)氣泡(pao)是否在中(zhong)(zhong)間位置(zhi)，如果(guo)(guo)不(bu)在則要(yao)(yao)調(diao)ldquo，03.轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)左右調(diao)節旋(xuan)鈕，使(shi)氣泡(pao)調(diao)整到(dao)(dao)(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)間位置(zhi)，這(zhe)是可以進行(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。4.將選(xuan)配號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)旋(xuan)入(ru)連接螺(luo)桿上(shang)，旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)升(sheng)降鈕。使(shi)儀(yi)器(qi)緩慢下(xia)(xia)降，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)逐漸浸沒待(dai)測(ce)(ce)(ce)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)液(ye)面標(biao)志和(he)液(ye)面平齊，設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)好轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速，進行(xing)測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。二、旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)意(yi)事項：1.在規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)進行(xing)，因為溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)對測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)值有(you)十分重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。2.待(dai)測(ce)(ce)(ce)液(ye)體(ti)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)有(you)大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣泡(pao)存在。3.一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)在電(dian)機(ji)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時(shi)變(bian)更轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速。4.連接螺(luo)桿和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)處應該(gai)保(bao)持(chi)干(gan)凈(jing)，否則將影響(xiang)到(dao)(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確連接和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)。5.轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)每(mei)次(ci)用(yong)(yong)(yong)完要(yao)(yao)及時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗（不(bu)得(de)在儀(yi)器(qi)上(shang)進行(xing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗），不(bu)能(neng)(neng)出現(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)完不(bu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，不(bu)然(ran)(ran)影響(xiang)下(xia)(xia)次(ci)測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)結果(guo)(guo)。粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)計使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong):1、機(ji)器(qi)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)持(chi)水平狀態.2、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)放(fang)入(ru)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)避免產生氣泡(pao)，否則測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)值會降低，避免的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法是將轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)傾斜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)入(ru)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)，然(ran)(ran)后再安裝轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)碰到(dao)(dao)(dao)杯(bei)壁和(he)杯(bei)底(di)，被測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)必須沒過規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刻度(du)(du)(du)(du).3、再測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)時(shi)，必須保(bao)持(chi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)潔和(he)干(gan)燥，，如果(guo)(guo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)殘(can)(can)留(liu)有(you)其它樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)或清(qing)(qing)(qing)潔后殘(can)(can)留(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水，就會影響(xiang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)確度(du)(du)(du)(du).4、酸性(xing)（PH）大不(bu)能(neng)(neng)超過2，如果(guo)(guo)酸性(xing)過大應選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)特殊(shu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)ULA時(shi)要(yao)(yao)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)好樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)量(liang)(liang)（只需16ml）.5、根據(ju)測(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)范圍(wei)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)標(biao)準(zhun)液(ye)，并在每(mei)次(ci)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)計或流變(bian)儀(yi)前對儀(yi)器(qi)進行(xing)驗(yan)證(zheng)，或定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)校驗(yan)，以保(bao)證(zheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)確性(xing)。BROOKFIELD可提供各粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)范圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符合牛頓流體(ti)性(xing)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硅油(you)或油(you)類標(biao)準(zhun)品(pin)(pin)，精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)plusmn，1%，粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)標(biao)準(zhun)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建議使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)限為自開封起一(yi)年.6、取值要(yao)(yao)在數(shu)值比較穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)，否則取得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值會存在較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤差.7、選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)時(shi)，要(yao)(yao)看被測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)幾號(hao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)范圍(wei)接近(jin)，就選(xuan)幾號(hao).8、連接轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)左手輕(qing)輕(qing)托起并捏住心軸(zhou)（主機(ji)上(shang)），右手旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)，這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)操(cao)作是為了(le)保(bao)護(hu)機(ji)身內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心軸(zhou)和(he)游絲，這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)可以延長儀(yi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming).。

在(zai)(zai)節約資(zi)源(yuan)、節能降耗(hao)與失信環境友好型的政(zheng)策實(shi)施的支撐(cheng)層面上有著舉足輕重(zhong)的影(ying)響中國(guo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)學會(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)專業(ye)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)和(he)中國(guo)膜(mo)工(gong)業(ye)協會(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)膜(mo)技術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)專業(ye)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)，為順(shun)應(ying)(ying)行業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)戰略的迫(po)切需(xu)要，通過(guo)超越(yue)常規，跨越(yue)式(shi)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)思路和(he)手段(duan)，把(ba)新(xin)(xin)(xin)穎(ying)膜(mo)技術(shu)緊(jin)緊(jin)扎根于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)領域，繼2002年杭(hang)州會(hui)(hui)議之(zhi)后于(yu)2003年10月在(zai)(zai)江蘇(su)吳江召開了第二次(ci)“膜(mo)分(fen)離(li)技術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)污水資(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”研(yan)討會(hui)(hui)。其中：涉及(ji)廢水資(zi)源(yuan)及(ji)工(gong)業(ye)廢水零排放(fang)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)業(ye)廢氣回收及(ji)其資(zi)源(yuan)再利用(yong)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)穎(ying)高(gao)效(xiao)低投(tou)入纖維膜(mo)接觸器實(shi)用(yong)技術(shu)以及(ji)膜(mo)分(fen)離(li)和(he)其它技術(shu)集(ji)成工(gong)藝等方面，通過(guo)這(zhe)次(ci)研(yan)討會(hui)(hui)，力(li)求做到膜(mo)技術(shu)在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)業(ye)中應(ying)(ying)用(yong)推(tui)廣達到一個(ge)新(xin)(xin)(xin)水平，把(ba)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經典工(gong)藝和(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)穎(ying)分(fen)離(li)技術(shu)有機結合為一種創新(xin)(xin)(xin)工(gong)藝技術(shu)，從而促(cu)進(jin)我(wo)國(guo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)工(gong)業(ye)的更大發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。我(wo)公司也極愿為此貢獻(xian)自己的綿薄之(zhi)力(li)。陶瓷(ci)濾(lv)(lv)芯(xin)陶瓷(ci)膜(mo)陶瓷(ci)膜(mo)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)器。

　　5.把樣(yang)品(pin)注入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)池(chi)時(shi)(shi)，液(ye)體進(jin)樣(yang)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)針頭(tou)要(yao)插入(ru)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)，液(ye)體、固體、氣體進(jin)樣(yang)器及樣(yang)品(pin)不(bu)應(ying)(ying)與(yu)滴定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內壁及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)接(jie)觸　　6.要(yao)保證(zheng)每(mei)次進(jin)樣(yang)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)致性。一(yi)(yi)致性越(yue)(yue)好(hao)，數據重復(fu)性越(yue)(yue)好(hao)。　　（三(san)）試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑不(bu)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)注意事(shi)項　　1.使用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)空氣濕度(du)大(da)、做樣(yang)頻繁或(huo)(huo)做固體樣(yang)品(pin)時(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑不(bu)容(rong)易(yi)到(dao)(dao)終(zhong)點(dian)，這是在(zai)實驗時(shi)(shi)最常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個問(wen)題。對因(yin)空氣濕度(du)大(da)、做固體樣(yang)品(pin)時(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑不(bu)容(rong)易(yi)到(dao)(dao)終(zhong)點(dian)，可以采(cai)取搖動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)池(chi)，吸(xi)收電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)池(chi)內部(bu)空間中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)，可使其(qi)(qi)較快達(da)到(dao)(dao)終(zhong)點(dian)。　　2.對做樣(yang)頻繁或(huo)(huo)試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑接(jie)近(jin)失效時(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑不(bu)容(rong)易(yi)到(dao)(dao)終(zhong)點(dian)，可采(cai)取注入(ru)適量(liang)純水(shui)(shui)來調節(jie)一(yi)(yi)下試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈敏度(du)，使其(qi)(qi)較快達(da)到(dao)(dao)終(zhong)點(dian).　　3.試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑使用(yong)(yong)很長時(shi)(shi)間后(hou)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碘消耗過(guo)多接(jie)近(jin)失效時(shi)(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑不(bu)容(rong)易(yi)到(dao)(dao)終(zhong)點(dian)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)該盡(jin)快更(geng)換(huan)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑。如(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)有新(xin)試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑又急需測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)品(pin)，可臨時(shi)(shi)采(cai)取注入(ru)適量(liang)純水(shui)(shui)來調節(jie)一(yi)(yi)下試(shi)(shi)(shi)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈敏度(du)，促使其(qi)(qi)達(da)到(dao)(dao)終(zhong)點(dian).此(ci)時(shi)(shi)測(ce)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)僅能作為參(can)考。微(wei)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)微(wei)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)微(wei)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)實際(ji)使用(yong)(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)注意事(shi)項_微(wei)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)微(wei)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)如(ru)何更(geng)換(huan)在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)微(wei)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)不(bu)能使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)，需要(yao)更(geng)換(huan)微(wei)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)，怎(zen)么更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作與(yu)更(geng)換(huan)微(wei)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)呢？下面(mian)深圳市(shi)芬析儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器制造(zao)有限(xian)公司提(ti)供全面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)如(ru)何更(geng)換(huan)1、將(jiang)點(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)燥(zao)管放在(zai)干(gan)凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濾紙上，拿出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)后(hou)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)倒掉(diao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)池(chi)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)也需緩緩倒掉(diao)。2、如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)池(chi)因(yin)污染需清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)，應(ying)(ying)在(zai)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)后(hou)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)池(chi)。3、利用(yong)(yong)無水(shui)(shui)甲醇等無水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)劑對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)池(chi)瓶(ping)、干(gan)燥(zao)管、進(jin)樣(yang)旋塞、測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)等進(jin)行清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)，盡(jin)量(liang)不(bu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)底部(bu)白(bai)色板(ban)，若用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)后(hou)應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)。4、清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi)(shi)不(bu)能將(jiang)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)液(ye)碰觸到(dao)(dao)兩插頭(tou)、線及膠冒部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。